The economic policy of the government involves strategies and decisions to determine and influence the economic activities of the country aimed at promoting development and maintaining economic stability. However, the processes of economic planning and implementation are influenced by the existing political and governance system. Thus, economic policies of the country play a crucial role in shaping and reshaping environmental outcomes, with the potential that the government’s policy can lessen or exacerbate environmental problems, consequences, and spatial inequalities. This chapter illustrates how the government’s economic policies and decisions intersect with environmental regulations and drive environmental outcomes from an environmental justice perspective, emphasizing geographic location. By reviewing existing literature and analyzing cases from the documents and media stories on the intersection of economic policy and environmental justice in both the global north and south, this chapter tries to explain their relationship, debates, and challenges. This study demonstrates that marginalized groups, such as low-income and Indigenous communities, are disproportionately impacted by environmental injustice.

Mia, M. J. (2026). Economic Policy and Geography of Environmental (In)justice. In R. C. Das (ed.), Economic Growth, Price Stability and Good Governance Implications of Fiscal and Monetary Policies. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003619703-20